Polygon Scales AI Agent Payments to 11 Million Updates Per Second

The benchmark utilized agent pay channels designed specifically for software consumers. Rather than recording every individual micro-transaction on-chain, the system requires agents to deposit funds into a vendor-agnostic channel contract. As an agent consumes services, it sends signed cumulative vouchers through a hub. The hub verifies these vouchers against authorization ceilings and remaining escrow before granting access to the next unit of work.

Performance metrics varied based on infrastructure deployment. While a full path involving the agent, site, and hub processed 40,000 updates per second, distributing the workload across 25 hubs—each equipped with 16 vCPUs—pushed throughput to the 11 million mark. Polygon estimates that expanding this hub fleet could theoretically support over 100 million updates per second. Crucially, these figures represent off-chain state updates; final settlement occurs only when the hub batches accumulated data and posts a Merkle root to the Polygon chain.

This architecture is built to integrate with the x402 protocol, which leverages HTTP’s "Payment Required" status code to facilitate machine-to-machine commerce. As adoption grows, the system positions itself to support Polygon’s broader Open Money Stack, providing a scalable alternative to traditional prepaid accounts for autonomous agents navigating complex digital service ecosystems.